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The Rise and Fall of LEHMAN BROTHERS

Lehman Brothers’ stock was selling at $86 a share in February 2007, giving the company a market capitalisation of nearly $60 billion. For the year, the company reported a new record high in net income, over $4 billion. In January 2008, Lehman Brothers was the fourth-largest investment bank in the U.S. In March, immediately after Bear Stearns (the second largest holder of mortgage backed securities, right after Lehman Brothers) almost collapsed, Lehman stock dropped by almost 50%. In June, the company reported a quarterly loss of $2.8 billion, its first quarterly loss since being spun off from American Express way back in 1994. By the end of 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. had vanished from the investment banking landscape, the largest corporate bankruptcy filing (with $619  billion  in debt) in U.S. history.   The Beginnings of Lehman Brothers            Source: HBS Lehman Brothers was founded in t...

Pyramid Schemes

A pyramid scheme is a fraudulent business practice that involves the building of a network, or “pyramid,” of investors who pay money into the scheme with the hope of earning a high return on their investment. Hierarchical in structure, a pyramid scheme has a single individual or entity at the top of the pyramid, underneath which is an expanding base of investors. An investor pays to participate in the scheme and then recruits other investors to join the pyramid, who subsequently pay money to the investor who recruited them. Pyramid schemes rarely provide an actual product and rely solely on the willingness of recruits to invest money into the scheme. Pyramid schemes are considered a form of business fraud in most countries and are therefore illegal. In most pyramid schemes, the person who originates the scheme sends a letter or other form of communication to a number of individuals. The letter typically describes a business opportunity that promises a high financial reward in a short t...

The Dark Towers: Deutsche Bank

Deutsche Bank, where do we begin? Once upon a time, it was seen as one of Europe’s strongest bank. But the German bank has been plagued by a series of contravertial issues. If we take a look at the bank’s stock price over time, we can observe that after recovering from the financial crisis in 2008, the company lost almost 75% of its market value. And today we will explore some of the reasons for that decline.         Source: The New York Times Deutsche has paid   18 billion dollars in fines this decade, with more than 10 billion dollars occurring in the last five years. In 2015, it was fined 2.5 billion dollars by US and UK regulators for its role in rigging the Libor scandal. Moreover, in that same year, it was further fined 258 million dollars for violating US sanctions against Iran and Syria. In 2008, Deutsche was among the leaders in mortgage backed securities. Not only was it selling toxic investments but it was also betting against the produ...